Encyc. Brit. (James, Saint; sometimes referred to as the Lord's Brother (d. ca. 62); later tradition records that James was called "the Just"; the early church designates him the first bishop of Jerusalem)

Collier's (James, the "Brother" of the Lord)

New Cath. encyc. (under James (son of Alphaeus), St.: widespread opinion among Catholics is that James of Alphaeus and James the brother (i.e., relative) of the Lord are the same; a number of recent scholars stress a distinction between the Apostles and the brethren; James the brother of the Lord is identified with James of Jerusalem)

Encyc. dict. of relig., 1970 (James, "brother of the Lord"; head of the early church at Jerusalem; modern biblicists deny the identification [with James, son of Alphaeus])

Schaff-Herzog (James the Just)

LC database, 11/3/86 (Hdg.: James, Saint, Brother of the Lord)